Tolétho · El foro de Toledo

Re-Welcome Leonor.

Mona, I think your're blind. This forum is about Toledo. This thread is about Toledo, in English.

But, this is the Off Topic subforum. You can't open a new thread about the subject you want, in the language you want.
It is so easy.

Yes, I agree with you.

Well, I think it is ok to be eye blinded but not a mind blinded. Also, I know that this forum is about Toledo, but I wonder why do you always get involve in everyone’s opinion? Where is the “Democracy?” Why do keep directing everyone in what to do?

I never thought you were mind blinded. Also, I have NEVER been involved in no one's opinion.
I'm the moderator and my job is that everything were ordered. So if you know that this is about Toledo, please, don't talk about Córdoba, Granada or even France.
Please open a proper thread to it, called ReConquest or what ever you want, and talk about what you want.

Note that I'm not telling what to think or what to say. I'M ONLY TRYING TO TELL YOU (one time again) TO DO IT IN THE APPROPIETE PLACE IN ORDER TO HAVE THE FORUM WELL STRUCTURED. This will be better to find everythings in the future.

Please, asume the rules.
Gracias.

"There are two impressive synagogues in Toledo. This is Santa Maria la Blanca, with the original ceiling made of Lebanon cedar like Solomon’s first temple."




It's so beautiful.

"This is El Greco’s living-room."
"Moorish customs. A sort of comfy indoor tent with cushions rather than chairs for the women. Though there were little stools for the girls at the spinning wheel."

A Pleasure Palace and a Clock
Just outside Toledo, near the river before it flows around the city, there is a small, delicate palace built by a Moorish king or governor in the eighth century.
He built it for his daughter, the Princess Galiana.
Its flowered gardens and walks with splashing fountains were as heavenly beautiful as only an Arab king could make them. There the princess strolled while young nobles, both Christian and Moorish, fought for her love.

When the Christian king Alfonso VI conquered Toledo three hundred years later, the soldiers who found the palace were awestruck by its beauty and elegance. There was nothing like it in all Christendom. Inside they found strange instruments, astrolabes and compasses, in gold and silver.

And an ingenious water clock (clepsydra).



The king ordered his philosopher-scientists to take it apart and discover its secret mechanism. They carefully dismantled the clock but were not able to understand how it worked.
And, what is worse, they couldn’t put it back together again.
Its creator, a sly Merlin, knew very well how to lock up his secret.

Perhaps his clepsydra worked something like this one:

Revolutions Toledo Andalusia .. ??????? ????????? The causes and treatment (?? ???? ????????: 15 ?? ???? ????? 238??) (In flash memory: 15 of the spring the other 238 e)





??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? (???????) ?????? ??? (92??=711?)? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????. Muslims entered the Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia) conquerors year (92 AH = AD 711), and created the good and peace, did people respects their tolerance and justice and have resided there Tleda glory and civilization of heights, their effects are still in Seville, Granada, Cordoba and Toledo witness to the language of that country under the rule of Muslims paper and the progress and wealth and prosperity.

???? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? 587?. Before I set foot in this country, Muslims with their feet was Toledo is the most important cities in the whole peninsula, was the political capital of the Goths, and I knew the city's property or the City of Kings, which were invading enemy, and to meet the soldiers as Ibn Hayyan Andalusi of known, at the same time was the seat of the Holy Episcopal Diocese of Iberia since the king took the Gothic Rijkaard Catholic official doctrine of the Goths in 587 AD.

????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????, ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????. The impregnable city of Toledo there; because of its high cliffs leading up to the banks of the river that surrounds the crown on the east, west and south, and because of the high walls and fortified castles, and remained the greatest cities of Toledo, Iberia, and the highest position until the Islamic conquest.

??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? (92??=711?)? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. No sooner had the Muslims are making their victory at the Battle of Valley lakh or the battle of Medina-Sidonia led by Tariq Ziad year (92 AH = 711 AD), a victory which opened the doors of the country, so that was their destination city of Toledo, the country's capital, which lies on the battlefield, about six hundred kilometers, did not prevent them long distance The rougher the road for the delivery of their historic mission to achieve them what they want, and opened Toledo, and treated her family was not well treated intact the sacred city of any wrongdoing, and maintained the churches and monasteries, and began a new chapter in its glorious history.

?? ??? ????? ?????? No longer the city of kings

???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????. After completing the Muslim conquest of Seville, took the capital of the nascent state, and was soon replaced by the city of Cordoba, which has been the capital of the Islamic state in Andalusia many centuries, they did not take Toledo never the capital of the state, despite the city enjoys the benefits of a strategy to render them other first Andalusian cities to be the capital of the Muslims there.

???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????. Some modern historians that Muslims have committed grave strategic error by not taking this fortified city, the capital of Andalusia; because its average was easy for them to dominate all parts of the peninsula, and control and communication for its turf easier than can the Governor lives in Cordova, it also stimulates the Governor to achieve Unity of the country, Muslims can continue their conquests in Western Europe at ease and pleased, and straining the enemy attacker to access.

????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? (447??=1084?) ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????. The cost of this step a lot of Muslims, and the negative repercussions on the Islamic conquests, which affected much divergence in the south, the country's capital on the scope of its work beyond the mountains of Albert, which prolonged the supply lines, and strains on their progress, but cost the loss of Muslim Andalusia itself later; that, after the fall of Toledo-year (447 AH = 1084 AD) and the Andalusian cities collapsed one after the other.

?????? ???? ??????? Toledo home revolutions


????? ?????? Toledo

???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????. After the conquest of Toledo was inhabited by Arabs and other barbaric, in addition to its indigenous population of Spaniards who did not leave their city because of the good treatment they received by the Muslim conquerors, allowing them to exercise their religious rites in full freedom, to ring the bells churches without a ban or restriction, has encouraged good treatment of the city's residents to enter into Islam and the Christian left voluntarily without coercion.

???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????. The city has many years living a quiet life without disturbances and revolutions, and then he broke out all forms of discontent and revolt and rebel against the central authority in Cordoba, Andalusia after he had got home Abdul Rahman, said historians scant information can not be relied upon as causes frequent revolutions, which are not is fading even one other catch, which is straining the central authority and the rebellious city.

???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????. Perhaps what helped Toledo to do the successive revolutions is its immunity to which we referred, and the breadth and diversity of its economic wealth, which enabled them to resist and defend and bear the siege for months, as well as the tendency of leaders to rise up and out of the authority that has not gone down with a prudent policy, was arise every time the city has the most cruel methods of suppression and brutality, we are left in the souls and rancor because of the situation does not soon become inflamed again, as the city found an opportunity to rise up and revolt.

???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? (144??=761?)? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. And began the series of successive revolutions in the reign of Abdul Rahman inside himself alone, which by virtue of Andalusia and the foundations of the Umayyad dynasty there, was the first revolution of revolutions Hisham bin tab Fihri year (144 AH = 761 m), and then repeated after several revolutions, but found a strong hand of authority has succeeded in eliminating them.

???? ??????.. The repast hole .. ????? ??????? Human tragedy

??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? (181??=797?) ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. In the reign of Hakam bin Hisham Rabadi revolution that broke out in Toledo (181 AH = 797 AD) he succeeded in eliminating it, but he feared a repetition of such revolutions, he wanted to develop a solution to prevent it from happening in the future, preparing him to Toledo and Amrous Ben Youssef Alohqi malicious plan under the guidance of the provision to eliminate the people of Toledo.

???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????. The plan has to draw closer to the people of Toledo, the governor and a dime a dozen pretend to Umayyad rule, and even outrage at Ionoi him and tend him, and if found to do so persuaded them to build a camp outside the city for the soldiers and Entourages not even Hikhaltoa people of the city, and chose a site built by them exclusively to live in, and digging in the middle of a deep hole.

???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? (191??=806?) ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. After completing this came the second phase of the deception that the governor by the people of Toledo, that the Prince rule in (191 AH = 806 AD) Mohammed Shahadeh people out of the Jihad to fight the enemy of Spain, and make the army his son, Abdul Rahman, was young, not more than fourteen years of age , and go out with him three of his ministers indulging in deceit and deception.

???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???. The army moved to the alleged goal, and when over Toledo, the news Banasrav enemy army Walker is due, in so directed to the people of Toledo Amrous out to receive the Little Prince, and when to forget, they were asked to invite the governor deceptive Prince Abdul Rahman to the city responded to them, When he approached the camp, which had already been set up by the governor, announced Amrous invite elders to the people of Toledo hosted a banquet in the palace, they came and had arranged for them to enter from the door, and spent Livestock of another section.

????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. The critical moment came and he had been waiting longer Prince of governance, Headsmen where he stood on the brink of the crater that was not one knows why dug inside the palace, and hit the neck of each of the income of the faces of the people of Toledo, even killed, including five thousand and odd, was spared only after the rest one of them found Trick, Vnjua themselves.

????? ??????? Successive revolutions

??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? (206??=821?)? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? (214??=829?) ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????. However, this cruel crime committed by the state in the right of some citizens did not prevent the people of Toledo of the revolution again, but the memory of the heinous massacre that made them tend to put obedience and revolution and rebellion until he died, the rule in (206 AH = 821 AD), and was succeeded by his son in the emirate known as Abdul Rahman Baloost, and remained calm eight years of his term until risen tremendous revolution in the year (214 AH = 829 AD) led by a man known as Hashim ??????.

??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????. Hashim ?????? succeeded in inciting the people of Toledo to the Revolution, and was surrounded by many, and the aspiration to control the gaps East as a whole is not satisfied in Toledo, Abdul Rahman was sent to East military campaign was able to pace his troops and to be able to kill him.

??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? (219??=934?)? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????: ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. However, this result did not stop the revolution, Abdel-Rahman was forced East to send another army led by his brother to lay siege to Toledo illiteracy year (219 AH = 934 m), Vhazarethm a strict siege and cutting down trees and damaged Zruahm, and succeeded in one of his commanders to sign inhabitants of Toledo and works including the sword, and little son air: that the heads of the dead were collected and carried to the commander, who called soft, plentiful when he saw how great it and chickened out of that, and found himself in great mine, and he died a few days after an easy one.

?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? (??? 222??= ????? 837?)? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. Abdel-Rahman, not only East so, but was sent behind the campaigns and campaigns, taking alter the leaders, did not lift the blockade and strict about the city and continued so until her family and failed effort of resistance, fed up with the embargo, succeeded his forces, which was led by his brother, Walid ibn al-Hakam from storming the walls the city (Rajab 222 AH = July 837 AD), after many years of strife and revolutions that had been fueled by the spirit of rebellion, and Christians from the machinations of her family, the Franks and abetting the enemies of the Umayyad Andalusia.

????? ???? ???? Battle of Wadi Saleet

???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? (4 ?? ???? ????? 238??=24 ?? ?????? 852?) ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? (???? ????? 238??= ?????? 852?) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. Quirk of fate that the age of Prince Mohammed, who succeeded his father, Abdul Rahman East (4 Rabi 238 e = 24 September 852) beginning of the era of the most dangerous periods of history on the Andalusian Umayyads and the State of Islam in Andalusia, where had spent a few days until caught the huge revolution in Toledo in the middle (spring another 238 e = September 852 AD) in which people raise the spirit of rebellion and disobedience, leaders of the Revolution and was able to capture and to the city, and refused to release him until the government released the hostages detained Cordova, and the central government has consistently taken hostage, and elders Toledo, so as not to revisit the Revolution to the State.

????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? (?????? 240??= ????? 854?) ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. In the face of these dangers to the state did not find Prince Mohammed began to emerge by itself to eliminate the strife raging, walked to in (Muharram 240 H = June 854 m) at the head of a large force, and was the first campaign by himself after his assumption of the King. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. And been a mainstay of the revolution there is a great collection of generators and Christians who are motivated by fanatical stories of the persecution it receives brothers in Cordova.

???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????. When he learned the news of this move Insurgents Take using the Spanish Christians, kings Vomayorm major troop, and left the people of Toledo with their allies to meet the prince outside the city so as not to Iqthmha them.

??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. Development plan for the Prince for his army to achieve victory over his enemies, walked into the valley of Saleet near Toledo, and progress is in the numbers of a few of his army after the one who mostly behind the hills surrounding the valley, and these numbers have lured the people of Toledo, few allies, the Christians, They came for her confident of achieving victory, and then bounced his soldiers pretending to defeat Mohammed toward Wadi Saleet, when he passed they followed Insurgents ambush hiding and torn to shreds, and wiped out crowds at the hour of the day, the estimated number of people killed eleven thousand, and captured great numbers, which included many of the priests who were executed immediately.

????? ??? ??????? The end of the revolutions

???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????. In spite of the stinging defeat suffered by the inhabitants of Toledo, they continued the rebellion and disobedience, which made the Prince Mohammed take preventive measures to control the rebellious city throughout his term, which lasted thirty-five years, have not stopped Toledo revolutions only in the era of Caliph Abd al-Rahman al-Nasser, who managed to tighten his control after a number of military campaigns by, and then follow with a rational policy, security of people and the organization of care conditions and affairs, and became a base from which Muslim armies Christians respond to the invasion of the Spaniards.

Toledo was always in revolution against Córdoba Emirate until its independence in 1035. In 1064, Valencia's Taifa was under the rules of Toledo and in 1075 Córdoba was submited to Toledo's Taifa. This year, Almamun of Toledo was poisoned in Córdoba.

_________________
Toledo, solar hispano, crisol de la raza íbera. Dichoso aquel que naciera español y toledano. (Cervantes)
Hablad de castellanos y portugueses, porque españoles somos todos. (Luís Camões)
Sobre Toledo y otra ciudad: Si tan grande, no tan fuerte; si tan fuerte, no tan grande. (Isabel I de Castilla)

The children of a king of Toledo Noon Amazigh



????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ?????? ????????) The children belonged to the tribe of a Nun Hawara and donkeys belong to NATO, have settled their grandfather Ben reportedly tolerant Andalusia village Aakkaklp Bkorp launched since the ground is permissible with Tariq ibn Ziyad's name was the diligence with which the family belongs to him and xenon is the common name in the Amazigh Vtsahv with the passage of time and become a Nun and with this family has been able by the presence in the gaps in the creation of wealth and considerable material the most important moral participation in jihad and owning land and the ingenuity of chivalry and courage in fighting Vtsdroa other families in the area and was the leader of a family Suleiman Bin Nun face his people during the mid-third century AH (ninth century)

? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? 260 ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ??? ?????? He was the first contact with beings days Noon at the time of Prince Mohammad when he passed through the holes in their homes back from the Supreme disease of rock and was ignored his testicles to Solomon Imrdah Faljh then drive to Cordoba Vadzl Prince relevance and register him for his part, dependent upon him and his son Moses and then asked him to discipline the year 260 AH Toledo fanned when the revolution they have become the governors of the central authority and on went the conflicts between them and the people of Toledo

???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 283 ? ? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????? When Solomon died, his son and after Alcon Abu Musa, who was a hostage in Cordoba, who waited for the death of Prince Muhammad and Al-Andalus to announce the split of the revolution and in turn had received several calls from neighboring areas and even from the east of Andalusia and to protect them on the inauguration of the princes that he had participated in the summer Unknown to the Sultan on the destruction of 283 years and his influence has expanded and now includes Bcentbrip maker of his family and a part of Jian and some aspects of Valencia

?? ???? ????? ?? ? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 327 ? ? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? Then I started to phase tide between them and the Umayyad days are over when Nasser decided to register them and to others in each year following the Battle of the Trench in 327 AH and will follow the same policy of governance in the era of the second and Amrien was driving them from the armies and the following business and the country and Akhlr in whom the duration of the group and the Bkorp launched a ground and known them in this period with Almdharas bin Nun and his son Ismail, who took Uclés and was among the first rebels in the fifth century AH, when summoned by residents of Toledo who hated the next son Mteop Fajlaoh and installed Ismail amended

????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? Adapted from the book Berbers in Andalusia by Mohamed Hakki

It's the first time for me to learn about "The children belonged to the tribe of a Nun Hawara and donkeys belong to NATO."

Happy New Year +

happy new year to you too

Thank you, and I wish 2010 a good year for everyone.

Al Jazeera Talk of Andalusia, pictures of the Citadel and Toledoالجزيرة توك في الاندلس، صور من جبل القلعة وطليطلة

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHGg5Iu0Qlk

Pearl of Toledo, the story of the Spanish heritage (Brossbeer Mirmi)
________________________________________

The New York Timeshas just published an article about Toledo in its "Travel" section, 23 December 2012.

After reading some of the statements Manuela Carrasco made about the Church and Toledan architectural miracle as well as its synagogues, I am still a bit nauseous. I will probably spend a couple of hours tomorrow writing to the newspaper. Anyone want to help?

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/travel/in-toledo-layers-of-spanish-history.html?emc=tnt&tntemail1=y&_r=0

Ayer leí el artículo y tiene algún error que otro. Al hablar de la Mezquita del Cristo de la Luz nos habla de Alfonso XVI en vez de Alfonso VI por ejemplo.